Dr. Mustafa Khattab O humanity! Be mindful of your Lord Who created you from a single soul, and from it He created its mate,¹ and through both He spread countless men and women. And be mindful of Allah—in Whose Name you appeal to one another—and ˹honour˺ family ties. Surely Allah is ever Watchful over you.

Dr. Mustafa Khattab Give orphans their wealth ˹when they reach maturity˺, and do not exchange your worthless possessions for their valuables, nor cheat them by mixing their wealth with your own. For this would indeed be a great sin.

Dr. Mustafa Khattab If you fear you might fail to give orphan women their ˹due˺ rights ˹if you were to marry them˺, then marry other women of your choice—two, three, or four. But if you are afraid you will fail to maintain justice, then ˹content yourselves with˺ one¹ or those ˹bondwomen˺ in your possession.² This way you are less likely to commit injustice.

Dr. Mustafa Khattab Give women ˹you wed˺ their due dowries graciously. But if they waive some of it willingly, then you may enjoy it freely with a clear conscience.

Dr. Mustafa Khattab Do not entrust the incapable ˹among your dependants˺ with your wealth which Allah has made a means of support for you—but feed and clothe them from it, and speak to them kindly.

Dr. Mustafa Khattab Test ˹the competence of˺ the orphans until they reach a marriageable age. Then if you feel they are capable of sound judgment, return their wealth to them. And do not consume it wastefully and hastily before they grow up ˹to demand it˺. If the guardian is well-off, they should not take compensation; but if the guardian is poor, let them take a reasonable provision. When you give orphans back their property, call in witnesses. And sufficient is Allah as a ˹vigilant˺ Reckoner.

Dr. Mustafa Khattab For men there is a share in what their parents and close relatives leave, and for women there is a share in what their parents and close relatives leave—whether it is little or much. ˹These are˺ obligatory shares.

Dr. Mustafa Khattab If ˹non-inheriting˺ relatives, orphans,¹ or the needy are present at the time of distribution, offer them a ˹small˺ provision from it and speak to them kindly.

Dr. Mustafa Khattab Let the guardians be as concerned ˹for the orphans˺ as they would if they were to ˹die and˺ leave ˹their own˺ helpless children behind. So let them be mindful of Allah and speak equitably.

Dr. Mustafa Khattab Indeed, those who unjustly consume orphans’ wealth ˹in fact˺ consume nothing but fire into their bellies. And they will be burned in a blazing Hell!

Dr. Mustafa Khattab Allah commands you regarding your children: the share of the male will be twice that of the female.¹ If you leave only two ˹or more˺ females, their share is two-thirds of the estate. But if there is only one female, her share will be one-half. Each parent is entitled to one-sixth if you leave offspring.² But if you are childless and your parents are the only heirs, then your mother will receive one-third.³ But if you leave siblings, then your mother will receive one-sixth⁴—after the fulfilment of bequests and debts.⁵ ˹Be fair to˺ your parents and children, as you do not ˹fully˺ know who is more beneficial to you.⁶ ˹This is˺ an obligation from Allah. Surely Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.